What does involuntary alienation refer to?

Involuntary alienation refers to the transfer of property title without the consent of the owner. This can occur through several means, such as forced sales due to court judgment, tax foreclosure, or adverse possession. The essence of involuntary alienation lies in the lack of the owner's voluntary agreement to the transfer; rather, it is imposed by external factors or legal processes.

For instance, in many cases of tax foreclosure, a property owner may lose their property due to unpaid taxes. In these scenarios, the ownership changes hands even if the original owner does not wish to sell or transfer the property. Understanding this concept is crucial, as it differentiates from voluntary alienation, which occurs when an owner willingly decides to transfer ownership of their property.