What is a life estate that arises from the law rather than the actions of an owner called?

A life estate that arises from the law rather than the actions of an owner is known as a legal life estate. This type of life estate is established by statutes or legal doctrines, providing certain rights and obligations to the individual who holds it. Legal life estates are often created to protect the interests of a spouse or former spouse, providing them with a right to use or occupy real property for the duration of their life, even if they are not the primary owner.

Understanding the nature of a legal life estate also includes recognizing its implications for inheritance and property management, where the estate typically ends upon the death of the life tenant, returning the property to the original owner or designated remainderman. This concept is rooted in property law and aims to ensure equitable treatment of individuals under certain circumstances, distinct from equitable or statutory life estates which may have different origins and applications.