Which federal law prohibits discrimination in housing based on various factors, including race and familial status?

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 is the federal law that specifically prohibits discrimination in housing on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability. This legislation was a significant milestone in the civil rights movement, aiming to prevent discriminatory practices in the rental, sale, and financing of housing, thereby promoting equal access to housing for all individuals.

The act addresses various forms of discrimination, helping to ensure that all individuals have the right to seek housing free from discrimination. The inclusion of familial status is particularly noteworthy, as it protects families with children and pregnant women from being discriminated against due to their family situation.

In contrast, the other options listed pertain to different aspects of civil rights and housing but do not specifically focus on the same scope of housing discrimination as the Fair Housing Act. Understanding the Fair Housing Act is crucial for those studying housing laws and the broader context of civil rights protections in the United States.