Which of the following best describes a variable expense in real estate?

A variable expense in real estate is characterized by its changeability based on specific conditions related to the property. This can include costs such as maintenance, utilities, or property management fees, which may fluctuate due to factors like occupancy rates, the season, or unexpected repairs. Unlike fixed expenses, which remain constant over time, variable expenses can vary significantly depending on the operational needs of the property, making option B the most accurate descriptor.

In contrast, a uniform expense refers to costs that remain consistent and predictable, often found in scenarios classified as fixed expenses. One-time expenditures for renovations do not qualify as variable expenses because they are not recurring, and while variable expenses do play a role in cash flow analysis, they certainly cannot be ignored, as they directly affect the profitability and financial health of a real estate investment.