Which type of foreclosure does not involve a court ruling?

Non-judicial foreclosure is the correct answer because it is a process that allows lenders to foreclose on properties without the need for a court ruling. This method typically occurs in states where the foreclosure process is governed by the power of sale clause in the mortgage or deed of trust. In such cases, if a borrower defaults on their mortgage payments, the lender can proceed with the foreclosure by notifying the borrower and then selling the property at a public auction, all without having to go through the court system.

This process can be quicker and less costly than judicial foreclosure, where a court must be involved to oversee the proceedings. Non-judicial foreclosures are often seen in states that favor expedited processes for lenders, making them a common choice in certain jurisdictions.